Design And Installation Of Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

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Geothermal Heat Pump Loop Fields The Underground Portion A geothermal heat pump system consists of two primary components, a heat pump and a loop field. The heat pump is the unit that is placed inside your home and is responsible for the heat exchange. The loop field is the system of piping that is laid underground in your yard and last for 50+ years! Loop fields vary based on the climate, the size of the home and location, but generally are responsible for about half of the total system installation cost. Loop fields can be installed horizontally or vertically, so what’s the difference? Its only in the way the pipe is inserted in the ground, no orientation is 'better' then another as they all work effectively. Your ground loop orientation will depend on available space, ground conditions and your contractor's preference.

Vertical Loop Field A vertical loop field is the most common installation process for a geothermal heat pump that is installed on smaller properties. During a vertical loop field installation a series of holes are drilled, each between 50-400 feet deep. Then, piping is fed down these holes and connected in a loop pattern.

Once all of the pipes are connected together outside of the home they are threaded into your home and attached to the heat pump unit. This process is often completed by a well driller in 1-2 days. Horizontal Loop Field A horizontal loop field installation usually occurs in more rural areas or yards with lots of space. A horizontal loop field installation requires a great deal of land because a backhoe is used to dig up long trenches which are only a few feet deep (but below the frost line) in order to lay the necessary amount of piping. In some cases horizontal loop fields can be less costly to install than vertical because there is no drilling. Horizontal systems can be installed using an excavator or other ground moving machine and can be installed in 1-2 days.

Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. There are four basic types of ground loop systems. Three of these -- horizontal, vertical, and pond/lake -- are closed-loop systems. The fourth type of system is the open-loop option. Which one of these is best depends on the climate, soil conditions, available land, and local installation costs at the site. The heating efficiency of ground-source and water-source heat pumps is indicated by their coefficient of performance (COP), which is the ratio of heat provided in Btu per Btu of energy input. Their cooling efficiency is indicated by the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), which is the ratio of the heat removed (in Btu per hour) to the electricity required (in watts) to run the unit.

Design And Installation Of Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems System

Design

Pond or Lake Loop Field A pond loop field can be installed when the property is located near a large body of fresh water such as a pond or lake. Trenches, which measure only a few feet deep, are dug from the house to the body of water.

Design And Installation Of Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Systems

These trenches are then filled with pipes which are connected to coils that are laid at the bottom of the lake or pond. These coils, often called slinkys, utilize the temperature at the base of the lake or pond to heat and cool the home just like a horizontal or vertical loop field. The image to the left is a slinky loop field. DX Copper Loop Fields systems use copper tubing instead of high density plastic piping. DX systems are not as common as high density plastic systems (all of the above examples are high density plastic), however they have begun to gain more popularity in the market. DX systems work slightly differently -.

Closed Loop Vs. Open Loop Most systems are closed loop, meaning that the same water & environmentally friendly antifreeze mixture is continually circulated throughout the loop field; it never escapes. Closed loop is the only type of loop field allowed by some states. An open loop field, sometimes called 'pump & dump', requires an ample source of groundwater. A well is drilled to the water source, it is pumped up the pipes to the heat pump where heat is extracted or injected and then sent down a return well where it re-enters the water source.

Open loops are more uncommon because they require an significant water source below the surface. Grouting Grout Protects Ground Water & Enhances Heat Transfer In vertical loop fields each hole drilled is grouted after the pipe is inserted. Grout is an oatmeal like mixture which fills the void between the dirt and the pipe. Grouting enhances thermo-conductivity, meaning more heat is absorbed because it is a good conductor.